Blood Glucose Homeostasis
The glucose levels in the blood are controlled by the hormonal system and these hormones are produced in the pancreas in the ares called islets of Langerans.
EXCESS NORM DEFICIENCY
Change detected by beta cells in pancreas Change detected by alpha cells in pancreas
Increase in insulin secretion Increase in glucagon secretion
- Activates enzymes converting glucose to glycogen - Activates enzymes converting glycogen to
to glycogen glucose
-Increases rate of glucose uptake
Levels return to norm Levels return to norm
(Biology guide.net, ©2006)
“The maintenance of the blood sugar at normal levels is brought about by an efficient regulatory mechanism.
The main organs in this mechanism are the liver, the autonomic nervous system, pancreas and other glands of internal secretion called endocrine glands.” (Homeostasis of sugar, ©2012)
In the control of blood glucose concentrations in the body are influenced by factors such as digestion of
carbohydrates in food which increases the production of glucose depending on how many carbohydrates
consumed. The breakdown of glycogen is another which when detects an excess of glucose, glycogen is secreted returning the amount back to normal balance. Polysaccharide is made from excess glucose by glycogenesis, and glycogen becomes abundant in both liver and muscles. The pancreatic Islets of Langerhans are the sites of production of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. Other things that influence the blood glucose concentrations are the conversion of non-carbohydrates to glucose by gluconeogenesis, oxidation of glucose by respiration which puts glucose to energy as well as a few more (Biology guide.net, ©2006).
Glucose homeostasis relies on the balance and interaction between glucose and insulin. The pancreas produces insulin which allows the transport of glucose into the cell. When not enough insulin is available in the body, the
amount of glucose the cells are able to absorb will be reduced. From this the body will then respond to produce more insulin so that the amount of glucose absorbed is increased and able at higher levels to be absorbed.
Another process of homeostasis to do with blood glucose is involving glucagon, which is another hormone made in the pancreas. Glucagon is released when blood glucose levels are low, working similarly like insulin, but in a different way. This hormone makes the liver release stored up glucose which then in turn raises the blood glucose levels to normal.
When something interrupts this homeostatic process like the pancreas producing low levels of insulin, the levels of blood glucose will be a lot higher; this is called Hyperglycaemia and is associated with diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycaemia on the other hand is associated with low glucose levels and is considered less serious than hyperglycaemia as it is from too much administered insulin.
(What is glucose homeostasis, ©2003-2012)
The glucose molecules are broken down to produce ATP molecules; these cells power numerous cellular processes. By circulating the blood glucose cells are delivered to ensure constant flow of glucose to cells. Level
consistency is maintained through negative feedback loop.
EXCESS NORM DEFICIENCY
Change detected by beta cells in pancreas Change detected by alpha cells in pancreas
Increase in insulin secretion Increase in glucagon secretion
- Activates enzymes converting glucose to glycogen - Activates enzymes converting glycogen to
to glycogen glucose
-Increases rate of glucose uptake
Levels return to norm Levels return to norm
(Biology guide.net, ©2006)
“The maintenance of the blood sugar at normal levels is brought about by an efficient regulatory mechanism.
The main organs in this mechanism are the liver, the autonomic nervous system, pancreas and other glands of internal secretion called endocrine glands.” (Homeostasis of sugar, ©2012)
In the control of blood glucose concentrations in the body are influenced by factors such as digestion of
carbohydrates in food which increases the production of glucose depending on how many carbohydrates
consumed. The breakdown of glycogen is another which when detects an excess of glucose, glycogen is secreted returning the amount back to normal balance. Polysaccharide is made from excess glucose by glycogenesis, and glycogen becomes abundant in both liver and muscles. The pancreatic Islets of Langerhans are the sites of production of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. Other things that influence the blood glucose concentrations are the conversion of non-carbohydrates to glucose by gluconeogenesis, oxidation of glucose by respiration which puts glucose to energy as well as a few more (Biology guide.net, ©2006).
Glucose homeostasis relies on the balance and interaction between glucose and insulin. The pancreas produces insulin which allows the transport of glucose into the cell. When not enough insulin is available in the body, the
amount of glucose the cells are able to absorb will be reduced. From this the body will then respond to produce more insulin so that the amount of glucose absorbed is increased and able at higher levels to be absorbed.
Another process of homeostasis to do with blood glucose is involving glucagon, which is another hormone made in the pancreas. Glucagon is released when blood glucose levels are low, working similarly like insulin, but in a different way. This hormone makes the liver release stored up glucose which then in turn raises the blood glucose levels to normal.
When something interrupts this homeostatic process like the pancreas producing low levels of insulin, the levels of blood glucose will be a lot higher; this is called Hyperglycaemia and is associated with diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycaemia on the other hand is associated with low glucose levels and is considered less serious than hyperglycaemia as it is from too much administered insulin.
(What is glucose homeostasis, ©2003-2012)
The glucose molecules are broken down to produce ATP molecules; these cells power numerous cellular processes. By circulating the blood glucose cells are delivered to ensure constant flow of glucose to cells. Level
consistency is maintained through negative feedback loop.